With the changing seasons, it is common to experience symptoms such as sneezing, a runny nose, or a scratchy throat. Identifying whether these symptoms are due to hay fever or a cold can be challenging as they may seem similar, but understanding the difference is crucial for effective management. Dr. Chun Tang, a GP at Pall Mall, outlines the key disparities between hay fever and a cold, to help individuals better comprehend their symptoms and take appropriate steps towards feeling better.
Dr. Tang explains, “A cold is caused by a virus, usually a rhinovirus, which spreads through coughs, sneezes, or touching contaminated surfaces. On the other hand, hay fever is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. The primary difference lies in the fact that colds are infectious, while hay fever is triggered by environmental allergens."
While both conditions can lead to sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, and fatigue, there are significant distinctions to consider. Dr. Tang highlights, “Hay fever is more likely to cause itchy eyes, throat, and nose, along with watery eyes. Conversely, a cold often manifests with a sore throat, cough, and sometimes a fever, which hay fever does not usually cause.”
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The onset of hay fever tends to be much swifter than that of a cold. “Hay fever can come on quite suddenly, especially when pollen levels spike,” says Dr. Tang. “A cold, however, typically develops gradually over a few days, commencing with mild symptoms before peaking.”
Moreover, hay fever symptoms are usually more persistent. “A cold usually lasts a week or two as your immune system combats the virus,” explains Dr. Tang. “In contrast, hay fever can persist for weeks or even months, depending on the duration of exposure to the allergen, particularly during peak pollen seasons.”
Dr. Tang further notes, “If you have hay fever and catch a cold, your symptoms may exacerbate as your immune system is already reacting vigorously to allergens. Extra congestion, fatigue, or an increase in sneezing and coughing might be noticed.”
Allergy tests can confirm hay fever by examining reactions to common allergens, as Dr. Tang suggests. “A cold does not have a specific test, but it can usually be diagnosed by your doctor based on symptoms. If you experience fever, aches, and general weariness, it is more likely to be a cold than hay fever.”
The management of these conditions differs significantly. “Hay fever is best addressed with antihistamines, nasal sprays, and by avoiding triggers like pollen or pet hair. Additionally, specific treatments are available to alleviate hay fever symptoms,” advises Dr. Tang. “Conversely, a cold necessitates rest, staying hydrated, and over-the-counter remedies such as decongestants and throat lozenges to ease symptoms while your body fights off the virus.”
In instances of uncertainty, seeking advice from a doctor is recommended to determine the most suitable treatment.