Many expectant mothers face a little-known but widespread oral health challenge during pregnancy, warns Dr. Gizem Seymenoglu, a GDC-registered dentist and medical aesthetician based in London. The US National Institutes of Health adds that up to 70% of pregnant women experience hormonal changes that can significantly impact their gums and teeth.
Pregnancy hormones can lead to gingivitis, an early form of gum disease characterized by swollen, red, and bleeding gums. These symptoms occur because hormonal fluctuations increase gum sensitivity to plaque buildup. Dr. Seymenoglu explains, “If gingivitis is left untreated, it can escalate into periodontitis, a more severe gum disease that damages the tissues supporting your teeth. This can cause bad breath, receding gums, tooth loosening, and eventual tooth loss.”
Beyond oral discomfort, untreated gum disease during pregnancy is linked to serious pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and low birth weight, making it a critical health concern for both mother and baby.
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In addition to gingivitis, some pregnant women may develop a harmless but bleeding red lump on the gums known as a pyogenic granuloma. Alongside this, changes in diet and oral bacteria can increase the risk of cavities. Dr. Seymenoglu notes, “Pregnant women often snack more frequently, which, combined with sugary or carbohydrate-rich foods, lowers the oral pH and encourages tooth decay.”
To counteract this, she recommends balancing sweet foods by consuming milk or yoghurt simultaneously to help maintain a healthier mouth environment.
Dry mouth, or xerostomia, is another issue common in pregnancy, often caused by morning sickness. Stomach acid from vomiting can erode tooth enamel, increasing sensitivity and wear. While not all pregnant women experience this, frequent vomiting heightens the risk.
While hormonal gum changes are temporary, damage from tooth decay is permanent and may require treatments like fillings or root canals. In more severe cases, tooth loss may necessitate costly procedures such as bridges or dental implants.
To protect their oral health during pregnancy, Dr. Seymenoglu advises regular dental check-ups, impeccable oral hygiene, a balanced diet mindful of sugar intake, and prompt treatment of any gum issues. Early prevention and attention can safeguard both maternal and infant health.