Health officials in England have identified a new recombinant strain of the mpox virus, raising concerns over potential severe infections. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) announced that genomic sequencing of a recent case revealed a hybrid virus containing elements from both clade Ib and IIb mpox strains.
This discovery comes from a person who had recently traveled from Asia. While the emergence of such a recombinant strain is not unexpected, given both clades are currently circulating, it highlights the mpox virus’s capacity to evolve. UKHSA emphasizes the critical role of ongoing genomic surveillance to track these changes and assess their implications.
Dr Katy Sinka, Head of Sexually Transmitted Infections at UKHSA, stated: “Our genomic monitoring has allowed us to detect this new mpox strain. Viral evolution is normal, and further studies will enhance our understanding of how mpox is changing. Although mpox infections are mild in many cases, they can also be severe. Vaccination remains a highly effective measure to protect against serious disease, so eligible individuals are urged to get vaccinated.”
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The UK has launched a routine mpox vaccination program targeting high-risk groups, including individuals with multiple sexual partners, those participating in group sex, and frequent visitors to sex-on-premises venues. Research data indicates the vaccine provides approximately 75% to 80% protection against mpox infection.
UKHSA has communicated its findings to international bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) to support global monitoring efforts.
Dr Michael Brady, National Advisor for LGBT Health at NHS England and Consultant in Sexual Health and HIV at King’s College Hospital, London, provided context: “Mpox, formerly called monkeypox, is a rare viral infection most common in central and east Africa. It spreads between people through close physical contact with mpox blisters or scabs.”
Symptoms typically appear between five and 21 days after exposure and include high temperature, headache, muscle aches, swollen glands, shivering, exhaustion, and joint pain. A rash usually develops one to five days later and can appear anywhere on the body, including hands, feet, mouth, genitals, and anus. The rash may be mistaken for chickenpox, starting as raised spots that evolve into fluid-filled blisters before crusting over and falling off.
Dr Bruno Silvester Lopes, microbiology lecturer at Teesside University, explained that while most mpox cases are mild, immunocompromised individuals, pregnant people, and those with underlying health conditions face higher risks of severe complications. These can include secondary bacterial infections from scratching or poor lesion care, and in rare instances, life-threatening systemic issues like sepsis.
Anyone concerned they may have mpox symptoms is advised to contact NHS 111 for guidance.