The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has identified falling vaccine uptake as the primary cause behind the resurgence of measles across the country. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), achieving herd immunity against measles requires 95% vaccine coverage. However, recent data reveals that about one in six children in England have not received both doses of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine by their fifth birthday. In some areas, such as Enfield and Birmingham, vaccination rates are even lower, increasing the risk of outbreaks.
Measles is a highly contagious disease that can result in serious complications, including ear and chest infections, as well as inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). The most effective protection against measles is the administration of two doses of the combined MMRV vaccine, which also protects against chickenpox and recently replaced the MMR jab. The decline in vaccine coverage has left many communities vulnerable to this once-controlled Victorian-era disease, raising concerns among public health officials who emphasize the importance of timely immunisation.