A high-sugar diet has long been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but new research from Brigham Young University (BYU) highlights that not all sugar sources carry the same level of risk. By analyzing data from more than 500,000 individuals across multiple continents, researchers found a striking connection between sugar-sweetened drink consumption and the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes.
The study found that each additional 354ml (12oz) serving of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed daily increased the risk of type 2 diabetes by 25%. This category includes not only energy drinks and sports drinks high in sugar but also popular soft drinks and fruit juices.
Lead author Professor Karen Della Corte emphasized, “This is the first study to clearly demonstrate dose-response relationships between various sugar sources and type 2 diabetes risk.” Her research underscores why consuming sugar in liquid form—whether from soda or juice—poses a greater health threat than eating sugar in solid foods.
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Sugary beverages contain isolated sugars that burden the liver’s glycemic response, encouraging fat accumulation in the liver and contributing to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. In contrast, sugars consumed in solid foods tend to trigger a slower and more regulated blood glucose response, posing less risk.
Even fruit juices and nectars, often perceived as healthier options, are linked to increased risk. The study found that drinking an additional 236ml (8oz) serving of fruit juice daily was associated with a 5% rise in type 2 diabetes risk.
It’s important to note that these risk increases are relative and depend on individual factors. While risks rose with each serving, consumption below these amounts was generally considered less harmful.
Professor Della Corte concluded, “Our findings highlight the need for stricter guidelines on liquid sugars found in sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice, as they negatively affect metabolic health. Future dietary recommendations should differentiate the effects of sugar based on its source and form rather than broadly condemning all added sugars.”
Recognizing early signs of type 2 diabetes is vital. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult a healthcare professional promptly.