High cholesterol is often called a “silent killer” because it usually causes no obvious symptoms. However, certain facial signs may provide early warnings of this hidden health threat.
Cholesterol is a fatty substance essential for bodily functions, but excessive levels can be dangerous. When too much cholesterol builds up in the bloodstream, it can accumulate in the arteries, narrowing and hardening them. This restricts blood flow and significantly raises the risk of heart attacks and strokes. In the UK, around two out of five people have high cholesterol, many unaware until a blood test or serious complication occurs.
The British Heart Foundation (BHF) emphasizes that high cholesterol often shows no symptoms: “It’s a hidden risk factor that can happen without us knowing until it’s too late.” They recommend regular cholesterol checks, especially if you have risk factors.
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In some cases, particularly familial hypercholesterolaemia—a genetic form of high cholesterol—distinct facial signs may appear:
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Xanthelasma: These are harmless yellowish patches or growths that develop around the corners of the eyelids near the nose. According to the Cleveland Clinic, xanthelasma are cholesterol deposits beneath the skin. About half of people with xanthelasma have elevated cholesterol, though these spots can also be linked to other health issues.
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Corneal Arcus: This shows as a gray or white arc visible above and below the outer edge of the cornea, eventually possibly forming a complete ring around the iris—the colored part of the eye. Cardiologist Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, writing for the Mayo Clinic, notes that corneal arcus does not affect vision and usually needs no treatment. However, noticing this sign should prompt a consultation with your GP.
To prevent or reduce high cholesterol, the NHS recommends maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking, and managing weight. If you suspect you have high cholesterol or notice these facial signs, consulting a healthcare professional is crucial for early detection and management.