Millions of people in the UK take antidepressants, with around 8.7 to 8.8 million prescribed medications in England alone during 2023/24. As usage rises, it is crucial to be aware of potentially dangerous drug-food interactions.
A pharmaceutical expert has highlighted risks for individuals using monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants—such as phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine—linked to a common ingredient found in many UK kitchens: tyramine.
Tyramine naturally occurs in certain foods, including aged cheeses, cured meats, fermented products, and notably some beans such as soybeans, broad beans (fava beans), and snow peas. While these beans are nutritious and full of valuable protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals, they can cause serious health issues in MAOI users.
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Dipa Kamdar, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice at Kingston University, explains that MAOIs block the enzymes responsible for breaking down tyramine in the body. When tyramine builds up due to dietary intake, it can trigger a dangerous increase in blood pressure. This reaction makes consuming tyramine-rich foods potentially life-threatening for patients on these antidepressants.
Despite the risks, Kamdar stresses that beans remain a highly beneficial part of a balanced diet, offering nutrients that support heart health, digestion, bone density, and may even help alleviate symptoms of conditions like Parkinson’s disease. It is essential for anyone on MAOI medication to consult their healthcare provider before making significant dietary changes or eliminating these foods.
In summary, while foods like soybeans and broad beans contribute many health benefits, those taking MAOI antidepressants should exercise caution to avoid tyramine-induced complications. Professional medical advice is vital to safely manage diet and medication together.